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- Guide · AI
Access to EU computing: AI Factories, AI Gigafactories and EuroHPC
How the EuroHPC Regulation, as amended in 2024 and 2026, organises AI Factories and AI Gigafactories, who can use their computing time and on what terms, and what start-ups, SMEs and consortium partners should settle on IP and contracts.
- Guide · AI
AI Regulatory Sandboxes and Real-World Testing
How the AI Act lets you develop and test AI under supervision: regulatory sandboxes (Articles 57 to 59), testing in real-world conditions (Articles 60 to 61) and the measures for SMEs (Articles 62 to 63), as amended in 2026.
- Guide · AI
AI, Software and the New Product Liability Directive
Directive (EU) 2024/2853 treats software and AI systems as products. It applies to products placed on the market after 9 December 2026. Who is liable, for what damage, how the burden of proof shifts and what to put in your contracts.
- Guide · Data
Children Online: the EU KIDS Act Proposal and Age Verification
What the Digital Services Act already requires to protect minors, what the EU KIDS Act proposal of 17 September 2026 would add for social networks, video platforms, games, app stores and chatbots, and how the EU age verification framework fits in.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Chips Act 2.0 and the Quantum Act: IP, consortia and funding
What the Chips Act of 2023 already provides for semiconductor and quantum chip projects, what the Chips Act 2.0 proposal would change, where quantum funding sits today while the Quantum Act is expected, and which IP and consortium terms to settle before you join.
- Guide · Data
Cyber incidents across borders: the Cyber Solidarity Act
What Regulation (EU) 2025/38 sets up, the European Cybersecurity Alert System, the Cybersecurity Emergency Mechanism with the EU Cybersecurity Reserve and the incident review mechanism, how a company hit by a major incident can benefit, and what it means for managed security service providers.
- Guide · Data
Cyber Resilience Act I: which products are caught, and in which class
How to tell whether hardware or software you sell falls under Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, whether it is a default, important (class I or II) or critical product, and which conformity route follows from that, with the dates up to 11 December 2027.
- Guide · Data
Cyber Resilience Act II: vulnerability handling and reporting since 11-09-2026
What manufacturers must report under Article 14 of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 since 11 September 2026, within 24 hours, 72 hours, 14 days and one month, and the vulnerability handling duties of Annex I, Part II, that follow from 11 December 2027.
- Guide · Data
Cyber Resilience Act III: importers, distributors, open source and contracts
The duties of importers, distributors and authorised representatives under Articles 18 to 23 of Regulation (EU) 2024/2847, when a reseller becomes a manufacturer, how free and open-source software and its stewards are treated, and the clauses that follow.
- Guide · AI
Data for AI: data spaces and licensing data for training
Where AI developers can lawfully get training data in the EU, what the law says about common European data spaces, and how the Data Act, the AI Act's data rules and the text and data mining exceptions shape a training-data licence.
- Guide · Data
Data from connected products: design duties since 12-09-2026
What Articles 3 to 7 of the Data Act, Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, require of makers and sellers of connected products and providers of related services, from access by design for products placed on the market after 12 September 2026 to pre-contract information, user access, sharing with third parties and trade secrets.
- Guide · Commercial
European Accessibility Act I: products and services caught, and the exemptions
Which products and services Directive (EU) 2019/882 covers since 28 June 2025, what each economic operator has to do, and how the microenterprise exemption, the disproportionate burden test and the transitional periods work.
- Guide · Data
European Accessibility Act II: Websites, Apps and E-commerce in Practice
What the European Accessibility Act requires of webshops, banking apps, e-book sellers and other online services since 28 June 2025, how the Web Accessibility Directive and EN 301 549 fit in, and what to put in your terms and supplier contracts.
- Guide · Data
European Business Wallets
What the Commission's proposal for European Business Wallets would give companies and public bodies, what it would require of authorities and wallet providers, and where the file stands in November 2026.
- Guide · Data Protection
European Health Data Space I: Secondary Use, Access Bodies and Data Permits
How Chapter IV of Regulation (EU) 2025/327 opens health data for research, innovation and policy through health data access bodies, data permits and secure processing environments, and what it asks of the companies that hold the data.
- Guide · Data Protection
European Health Data Space II: Health-Record Systems and Wellness Apps
What Chapter III of Regulation (EU) 2025/327 asks of manufacturers, importers and distributors of electronic health record systems, how wellness apps can claim interoperability, and where the Medical Devices Regulation takes over.
- Guide · Data
Funding for AI and digital projects: a practical map
Which EU programme fits which AI or digital project, from Digital Europe and Horizon Europe to InvestEU and free computing time, who can apply, what each one pays, and what the IP, ownership and security rules mean for your company.
- Guide · AI
General-Purpose AI: Codes of Practice, Guidelines and Standards
What the AI Act requires of providers of general-purpose AI models in Articles 51 to 56, and how much weight the code of practice, Commission guidelines, harmonised standards and codes of conduct carry.
- Guide · Data
Interoperable Europe: what suppliers to government should know
How the Interoperable Europe Act and the Single Digital Gateway Regulation shape what public bodies buy, share and reuse, and what that means for the software, licences and contracts you offer them.
- Guide · Data
Non-Personal Data Across Borders
What the Data Act and the Data Governance Act require when a foreign court or authority wants access to non-personal data held in the EU, and what cloud providers must tell their customers.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Open source after the EU Open Source Strategy
What the EU Open Source Strategy of June 2026 announces, which binding rules already apply to open source (the Cyber Resilience Act, the Interoperable Europe Act) or are proposed (the Cloud and AI Development Act), and what companies that build on, publish or steward open source should do about licences, security and public tenders.
- Guide · Data
Re-using public-sector data: open data and high-value datasets
What the Open Data Directive, the high-value datasets regulation and Chapter II of the Data Governance Act let businesses do with data held by public bodies, on what terms, and how to ask for it.
- Guide · Data
Running a platform or marketplace under the DSA: duties by size
Which Digital Services Act duties apply to your service, layer by layer, from every intermediary to marketplaces and very large online platforms, and what the micro and small enterprise exclusions really cover.
- Guide · Data
Switching cloud providers: the Data Act meets the sovereignty package
What Chapter VI of the Data Act requires of cloud and other data processing service providers when a customer wants to leave, which terms the contract must contain, how switching charges disappear on 12 January 2027, and how the proposed Cloud and AI Development Act adds a sovereignty layer for public customers.
- Guide · Data
The 2026 cybersecurity package: revised Cybersecurity Act and NIS2 amendments
What the Commission proposed on 20 January 2026 in COM(2026) 11 (the Cybersecurity Act 2, replacing Regulation (EU) 2019/881) and COM(2026) 13 (targeted amendments to the NIS2 Directive), where the procedures stand and what companies can prepare now.
- Guide · Data
The Cloud and AI Development Act: sovereignty rules for cloud and AI procurement
What the Commission's proposal for a Cloud and AI Development Act would require of cloud providers that sell to the public sector, of contracting authorities, and of bidders for cloud and AI contracts, and how it sits next to the Data Act and the procurement Directive.
- Guide · Data
The Data Governance Act: data intermediaries and data altruism
What Regulation (EU) 2022/868 asks of data marketplaces, data pools and data cooperatives, how a not-for-profit becomes a recognised data altruism organisation, and where the rules on protected public-sector data fit in.
- Guide · Commercial
The Digital Fairness Act in depth: dark patterns, influencers, subscriptions
A close reading of the Commission's Digital Fairness Act proposal of 11 November 2026 on interface design, influencer marketing and online subscriptions, set against the consumer rules that apply today.
- Guide · AI
The Digital Omnibus on AI: What Regulation 2026/1744 Changed
Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amended the AI Act in July 2026. New dates for high-risk AI, two new prohibitions, a softer AI literacy duty, simpler rules for smaller firms and a stronger AI Office, article by article.
- Guide · Commercial
The DMA for business users
What you can ask of a designated gatekeeper under Articles 5 to 7 of the Digital Markets Act when you sell, advertise or build apps through its platform, and how to raise a problem.
- Guide · Intellectual property
The DSA as a brand-protection tool: notice and action, trusted flaggers, trader checks
How brand owners can use the notice, complaint and trader rules of the Digital Services Act to get counterfeits and infringing listings removed, and where those rules stop.
- Guide · Data
The EU Digital Identity Wallet: who must accept it, and what it means for KYC
What the amended eIDAS Regulation requires of Member States, relying parties and online platforms around the European Digital Identity Wallet, and how the wallet fits customer due diligence under the new Anti-Money Laundering Regulation.
- Guide · Data
The EU Digital Rulebook in 2026: What Applies to You, and From When
A map of the EU's digital laws as of 13 November 2026: AI, cybersecurity, data, platforms, accessibility, identity, cloud and funding. For each text, its status, its official reference and the dates that matter.
- Guide · Data
The European Media Freedom Act for publishers and platforms
What Regulation (EU) 2024/1083 asks of news publishers, broadcasters, podcasters, very large online platforms, audience-measurement providers and public bodies that buy advertising, and from which date each rule applies.
- Guide · Data Protection
The Wider Digital Omnibus: What Would Change in the GDPR, Cookies and the Data Act
The Commission's proposal COM(2025) 837 would amend the GDPR, the cookie rule in the ePrivacy Directive and the Data Act, and fold the Data Governance Act into the Data Act. What the proposal says, provision by provision, and where it stands.
- News · Commercial
The Consumer Law Simplification Directive
The Commission's proposal of 11 November 2026 to lighten the Consumer Rights Directive and the ePrivacy Directive: fewer information duties, a new rule for streaming subscriptions and in-app purchases, and its link with the Digital Fairness Act.
- News · Commercial
The Digital Fairness Act
What the Commission's proposal of 11 November 2026 would change for consumer-facing businesses online: dark patterns, addictive design, personalisation, influencers, subscriptions and cancellation, and where it still stands.
- Guide · Commercial
Influencers and the Law
The EU rules on influencer marketing today, what the proposed Digital Fairness Act would add, and the clauses every influencer agreement needs.
- Guide · Data Protection
AI under Swiss Law and the GDPR: Key Differences
What the revised Swiss FADP and the GDPR mean for companies that build or use AI services: scope, legal bases, impact assessments, transfers, sanctions and the EU AI Act.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Can I Protect My Software?
Software is protected by copyright, sometimes by patent, and by trade secret law. This article explains what each protects, who owns the code, and how the rights combine.
- Guide · Commercial
Commercial Contracts: a Map
The main families of commercial contract, the EU and national rules that frame them, and where risk and value tend to sit.
- Guide · Data
Database Rights and Trade Secrets
How the EU database right, copyright and trade secret law protect data and databases, what each requires, and where contracts must fill the gaps.
- Guide · Commercial
Distribution and Reseller Agreements
How to structure distribution and reseller agreements in the EU: exclusivity, termination protection, online sales, and the brand provisions that keep control.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Domain Name Disputes: the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy
How a bad-faith domain name can be recovered under the UDRP and URS, and under the separate procedure for .eu names, under country-code procedures, or through the courts.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Finding the IP You Already Have
Most companies own more intellectual property than they have registered. This article explains which rights arise without registration, how an IP audit finds them, and why ownership matters.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Freedom-to-Operate Analysis
What a freedom-to-operate analysis is, how claims are read against a product, what it can and cannot tell you, and what to do when it finds a problem.
- Guide · Corporate and M&A
Funding Rounds: Term Sheets and Investment Agreements
How an equity round for a company in the EU works, the term sheet, what each clause does, the investment and shareholders' agreements, and what investors check first.
- Guide · Tax
Grants and Tax Incentives for IP in Belgium
An overview of the Belgian instruments that lower the cost of creating IP and the tax on the income it earns, and the documents you need before you can claim them.
- Guide · Intellectual property
How to Value an IP Portfolio
Why and when an IP portfolio is valued, the three standard valuation approaches, and the legal facts that decide whether a right is worth what its owner thinks.
- Guide · Corporate and M&A
IP in Due Diligence
What a buyer or investor checks about a company's intellectual property, why chain of title is the most common problem, and how a seller can prepare.
- Guide · Intellectual property
IP Lifecycle Management: the Stages of an IP Right
Every IP right is created, protected, maintained, used and ends one day. The stages of IP lifecycle management, their legal terms and the choices at each.
- Guide · Commercial
Know-How and Technology Transfer Agreements
How to transfer know-how, patents or software to a partner by contract: defining what moves, keeping know-how confidential, and the EU competition rules.
- Guide · Commercial
Licensing Agreements
How to structure an IP licence: scope, royalties, improvements, quality control, termination, and the EU rules that frame it.
- Guide · Corporate and M&A
M&A for Growing Businesses
A practical walk through an M&A deal, share or asset deal, price mechanisms, warranties, change of control and getting from signing to closing.
- Guide · Commercial
Manufacturing and Supply Agreements
What a manufacturing or supply agreement must settle: specifications, quality, liability, exclusivity and, above all, who owns the tooling, know-how and improvements.
- Guide · Commercial
Master Services Agreements and Statements of Work
How a master services agreement and statements of work split the legal terms from the project detail, and how EU and national rules shape the key clauses.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Prior Art and How to Search for It
What counts as prior art under the European Patent Convention, what a patentability search covers, how it is done and what it cannot tell you.
- Guide · Commercial
Running a Request for Information or Proposal
How to run a request for information or proposal so that confidentiality, IP and your contract terms are protected before you choose a vendor.
- Guide · Commercial
SaaS Agreements
Subscriptions, service levels, data ownership, liability and exit in SaaS contracts, with the GDPR, the Data Act and national contract rules.
- Guide · Data
The EU Data Act
What Regulation (EU) 2023/2854 requires of makers and users of connected products, data holders, cloud providers and anyone who contracts about data, and when each part applies.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Transferring and Licensing a Trademark
How assignments and licences of EU and Benelux trademarks work, why they should be recorded, and how customs recordals fit in.
- Guide · Intellectual property
What Is a Trademark Clearance Search?
A clearance search checks, before you file or launch, whether earlier rights stand in the way of a new mark. This article explains what it covers, what it cannot do and how to read the result.
- Guide · Intellectual property
What Is a Trademark Watch?
A trademark watch tells you when someone files a mark that resembles yours, while opposition is still possible. This article explains why it matters, how it works and what it cannot do.
- Guide · AI
AI Act in HR and Recruitment: the High-Risk Rules
Recruitment and HR AI is usually high-risk under the AI Act (from 2 December 2027), and emotion recognition at work is banned. What employers must do.
- Guide · AI
AI Act Meets GDPR: Where the Two Frameworks Overlap
How the AI Act and the GDPR apply side by side to the same AI system: roles, impact assessments, automated decisions, transparency, data quality and special categories.
- Guide · AI
AI Act Provider vs Deployer: Duties and Article 25
Under the AI Act, the provider builds or brands an AI system and the deployer uses it. Each role's duties, and when Article 25 makes a deployer a provider.
- Guide · AI
AI Act Risk Classification: the Four Risk Levels
The AI Act sorts AI into unacceptable (prohibited), high, limited (transparency) and minimal risk. How to tell which level your AI system falls in.
- Guide · AI
AI and Intellectual Property: Training Data and Copyright
How EU copyright law and the AI Act treat training data, rights holders' opt-outs, training summaries, and the protection of AI-generated output and inventions.
- Guide · AI
AI Clauses in Vendor Contracts: 9 Terms to Negotiate
The AI clauses to negotiate when you buy or supply AI: AI Act roles, training on your data, output ownership, IP indemnity, audit and logs, liability.
- Guide · AI
Building an AI Governance Framework
What an internal AI governance framework consists of, which legal duties it must carry, and how a mid-sized organisation can build one in proportion to its use of AI.
- Guide · AI
Conformity Assessments for High-Risk AI
What a provider of a high-risk AI system must demonstrate before market entry under the AI Act, which assessment route applies and what follows afterwards.
- Guide · Data Protection
Cookies and Consent
When a cookie banner is required, what valid consent looks like and how the ePrivacy rules and the GDPR work together.
- Guide · AI
EU AI Act Timeline: Every Date from 2024 to 2030
The AI Act applies in stages from 2 February 2025 to 31 December 2030. Every date, what applies and who it affects, with the 2026 high-risk postponement.
- Guide · Intellectual property
EUIPO Fast Track
Fast Track speeds up examination of EU trade mark applications that use pre-approved wording. This article explains what it is, what it does not change and when it makes sense.
- Guide · Data Protection
GDPR Breach Notification: the 72-Hour Rule
Article 33 GDPR: notify the authority within 72 hours of becoming aware of a personal data breach. When to notify, how hours count, when to tell people.
- Guide · Data Protection
GDPR Data Retention: How Long to Keep Personal Data
The GDPR sets no fixed retention period: Article 5(1)(e) allows no longer than necessary. How to set retention periods, handle backups and delete data.
- Guide · Data Protection
How to Answer a DSAR Within the GDPR Deadline
Answer a data subject access request within one month, extendable by two (Articles 12 and 15 GDPR): what to send, what you may refuse, how to keep time.
- Guide · Data Protection
International Data Transfers
How Chapter V GDPR works after Schrems II: adequacy decisions, the EU-US Data Privacy Framework, standard contractual clauses and the assessment that goes with them.
- Guide · Intellectual property
IP Cost Planning for Multi-Jurisdiction Filings
What a trademark portfolio costs depends on routes, classes and countries as much as on the number of marks. This article sets out the cost elements and how to plan them over the life of a mark.
- Guide · Corporate and M&A
M&A Due Diligence: What to Expect
What a due diligence review covers in a share or asset deal in the EU, how the process runs, and how the findings turn into price, warranties and conditions.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Managing Your IP Deadlines
Which time limits matter in trademark, design and patent matters, which of them can be extended, what happens when one is missed, and how a reliable deadline process is built.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Nice Classification: How the 45 Classes Work
The Nice Classification sorts goods and services into 45 trademark classes (software, for example, is in class 9). How to choose classes and word them.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Online Brand Protection: How Brand Monitoring Works
How infringements of a trademark are found online, which rules decide whether they are unlawful, and which routes exist to stop them.
- Guide · Data Protection
Records of Processing Activities (RoPA)
What Article 30 GDPR requires you to record, who must keep a register, and how to keep it useful.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Renewal Management for IP Portfolios
How renewals of trademarks, designs and patents work, what the grace periods are, how to decide which rights to keep, and the invoice scams to avoid.
- Guide · Corporate and M&A
Sanctions Screening and Anti-Money Laundering
What EU sanctions and anti-money-laundering rules require from businesses, who must identify beneficial owners, and how screening works in practice.
- Guide · AI
The AI Literacy Obligation
Article 4 of the AI Act has applied since February 2025 to every company using AI. What it requires, how the 2026 amendment changed it and what to document.
- Guide · AI
The EU AI Act: a Practical Overview
What the AI Act regulates, who it applies to, how the risk-based approach works and what the penalties are, as of October 2026.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Trademark Registration: From Application to Registration
How a trademark application moves through the EUIPO, the Benelux office (BOIP) and the Madrid System, what happens after registration, and what keeps a registered mark in force.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Understanding Trademark Similarity
Whether two marks conflict depends on how similar they are and how close the goods are. This article explains the test and how its elements are weighed.
- Guide · Data Protection
Website Technology Audits and the GDPR
What a website technology audit examines, why privacy notices and actual data flows drift apart, and which legal duties it checks.
- Guide · Intellectual property
When to Oppose a Trademark
Opposition lets the owner of an earlier right challenge a new trademark application before it is registered. This article explains the conditions, the deadlines and the factors that decide whether to proceed.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Brand TLDs in Financial Services
Why banks and insurers look at brand TLDs, what a brand TLD can and cannot do against phishing, and which EU rules shape the decision.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Brand TLDs in the 2026 Round: the Applicant Guidebook
What a brand TLD is, how the Applicant Guidebook treats it, and the contract obligations that come with running one.
- Guide · Intellectual property
ICANN's Next Round of New gTLDs (2026)
Where ICANN's 2026 round of new generic top-level domains stands in October 2026, how the process continues after the application window, and what it means for brand owners.
- Guide · Intellectual property
Strategic Use Cases for Brand TLDs
How companies use a brand TLD in practice, from authentication and anti-phishing to internal systems and partner networks, and the legal points that go with each use.
- Guide · Corporate and M&A
Transitional Services Agreements
What a transitional services agreement covers, the terms that decide whether the handover runs smoothly, and how to plan the exit from the start.
- Guide · Intellectual property
History of ICANN's New gTLD Program
How the top-level domain space grew from a handful of extensions to more than a thousand, and what the earlier rounds teach applicants and brand owners today.
- Guide · Tax
Copyright and Lawyers: Belgium's Court of Cassation
Belgium's Court of Cassation held that the rules of the legal profession do not rule out copyright in a lawyer's writing, and what this means for ownership, engagement letters and tax.
- Guide · Data
The NIS2 Directive
Who falls under NIS2, what the directive requires, how the 24-hour, 72-hour and one-month incident reports work and how they relate to GDPR breach notification.
- Guide · Tax
Belgian Copyright Tax Regime After the 2023 Reform
In Belgium, copyright fees are taxed at 15% as movable income. What the 2023 reform changed and what to document so that the arrangement stands up.
- Guide · Intellectual property
The Unified Patent Court
How the Unified Patent Court is organised, what it decides, how its proceedings differ from national courts, and what the opt-out means for your European patents.
- Guide · Intellectual property
The Unitary Patent
What unitary effect is, which states it covers in October 2026, how it differs from validating a European patent country by country, and when each route makes sense.
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